General Information

  • ID:  hor000281
  • Uniprot ID:  Q8R1I2
  • Protein name:  Gastrin-releasing peptide
  • Gene name:  Grp
  • Organism:  Mus musculus (Mouse)
  • Family:  Bombesin/neuromedin-B/ranatensin family
  • Source:  animal
  • Expression:  Detected in peptidergic dorsal root ganglion neurons (at protein level) .
  • Disease:  NA
  • Comments:  NA
  • Taxonomy:  Mus (subgenus), Mus (genus), Murinae (subfamily), Muridae (family), Muroidea, Myomorpha (suborder), Rodentia (order), Glires, Euarchontoglires (superorder), Boreoeutheria, Eutheria, Theria, Mammalia (class), Amniota, Tetrapoda, Dipnotetrapodomorpha, Sarcopterygii (superclass), Euteleostomi, Teleostomi, Gnathostomata, Vertebrata, Craniata (subphylum), Chordata (phylum), Deuterostomia, Bilateria, Eumetazoa, Metazoa (kingdom), Opisthokonta, Eukaryota (superkingdom), cellular organisms
  • GO MF:  GO:0005184 neuropeptide hormone activity
  • GO BP:  GO:0001503 ossification; GO:0007218 neuropeptide signaling pathway; GO:0010468 regulation of gene expression; GO:0035176 social behavior; GO:0036343 psychomotor behavior; GO:0043207 response to external biotic stimulus; GO:0043303 mast cell degranulation; GO:0090277 positive regulation of peptide hormone secretion; GO:1900738 positive regulation of phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway; GO:1903817 negative regulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity; GO:1903942 positive regulation of respiratory gaseous exchange; GO:1904384 cellular response to sodium phosphate; GO:1905151 negative regulation of voltage-gated sodium channel activity; GO:1905461 positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptotic process; GO:2000987 positive regulation of behavioral fear response
  • GO CC:  GO:0005576 extracellular region; GO:0005615 extracellular space; GO:0031410 cytoplasmic vesicle; GO:0034774 secretory granule lumen; GO:0042995 cell projection; GO:0043005 neuron projection; GO:0098992 neuronal dense core vesicle

Sequence Information

  • Sequence:  APVSTGAGGGTVLAKMYPRGSHWAVGHLM
  • Length:  29
  • Propeptide:  MRGSELSLLLLALVLCQAPRGPAAPVSTGAGGGTVLAKMYPRGSHWAVGHLMGKKSTDESPSLYAADRDGLKEQLRGYVRWEEAARDLLDLLEAAGNQSHQPPQHPPLSLQPTWDPEDGSYFNDVQTAKLVDSLLQVLKEKGGTAS
  • Signal peptide:  MRGSELSLLLLALVLCQAPRGPA
  • Modification:  T29 Methionine amide
  • Glycosylation:  NA
  • Mutagenesis:  NA

Activity

  • Function:  Stimulates the release of gastrin and other gastrointestinal hormones (By similarity). Contributes to the perception of prurient stimuli and to the transmission of itch signals in the spinal cord that promote scratching behavior (PubMed:28280205, PubMed:17653196, PubMed:26658875). Contributes primarily to nonhistaminergic itch sensation (PubMed:28280205). In one study, shown to act in the amygdala as part of an inhibitory network which inhibits memory specifically related to learned fear (PubMed:12526815). In another study, shown to act on vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-expressing cells in the auditory cortex, most likely via extrasynaptic diffusion from local and long-range sources, to mediate disinhibition of glutamatergic cells via VIP cell-specific GRPR signaling which leads to enhanced auditory fear memories (PubMed:34610277). Contributes to the regulation of food intake (PubMed:12176666). Inhibits voltage-gated sodium channels but enhances voltage-gated potassium channels in hippocampal neurons (By similarity). Contributes to the induction of sighing by acting directly on the pre-Botzinger complex, a cluster of several thousand neurons in the ventrolateral medulla responsible for inspiration during respiratory activity (PubMed:26855425).
  • Mechanism:  NA
  • Cross BBB:  NA
  • Target:  Grpr
  • Target Unid:  P21729
  • IC50: NA
  • EC50: NA
  • ED50: NA
  • kd: NA
  • Half life: NA

Structure

  • Disulfide bond:  NA
  • Structure ID:  AF-Q8R1I2-F1(AlphaFold_DB_ID)

  • Structure: (PDB_ID-from https://www.rcsb.org/; AlphaFold_DB_ID-from https://alphafold.ebi.ac.uk/; hordbxxxxxx_AF2.pdb was predicted structure by AlphaFold2; hordbxxxxxx_ESM.pdb was predicted structure by ESMFold)
    •    hor000281_AF2.pdbhor000281_ESM.pdb

Physical Information

Mass: 340900 Formula: C129H202N38O35S2
Absent amino acids: CDEFINQ Common amino acids: G
pI: 10.45 Basic residues: 4
Polar residues: 11 Hydrophobic residues: 10
Hydrophobicity: 19.31 Boman Index: 0
Half-Life: 4.4 hour Half-Life Yeast: >20 hour
Half-Life E.Coli: >10 hour Aliphatic Index 70.69
Instability Index: 3169.66 Extinction Coefficient cystines: 6990
Absorbance 280nm: 249.64

Literature

  • PubMed ID:  NA
  • Title:  NA